Who Am I? — Name These Institutions of Science

Which research institution am I?

• I began as an industrial research facility in the United States.
• I produced breakthroughs that reshaped communication technology.
• The transistor was developed within my walls.
• Many of my scientists became Nobel laureates.

Which national research laboratory am I?

• I was created in India after independence to support scientific research.
• I function under a national research council.
• I focus on fundamental and applied chemical sciences.
• I am located in Pune.

Which university am I?

• I emerged from medieval Europe and shaped the modern idea of a university.
• My name is linked to a process that harmonized higher education systems.
• I have taught students for nearly a millennium.
• I am located in Italy.

Which group of institutions am I?

• I am a network of institutions in India dedicated to research in natural sciences.
• I emphasize undergraduate research and interdisciplinary learning.
• I follow a model inspired by the Indian Institute of Science.
• I have multiple campuses across India.